Stage 4 allergic reactions, also known as anaphylaxis, are a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic response. Anaphylaxis is an acute, systemic, and potentially fatal reaction to a substance that a person is allergic to. Symptoms of anaphylaxis can start within minutes after exposure to the allergen and may include hives, swelling of the lips, throat and tongue, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:
• Hives
• Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Dizziness
• Loss of consciousness
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
Risk Factors
Anyone can experience anaphylaxis, but some people are at higher risk than others. Risk factors for anaphylaxis include:
• Having asthma or other respiratory conditions
• Having certain food allergies
• Having certain drug allergies
• Having a family history of allergies
Treatment
Treatment for anaphylaxis includes the use of epinephrine, which is a medication that helps to reduce symptoms and can potentially save a person’s life. Other treatments may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators. It is important that people at risk of anaphylaxis carry an epinephrine auto-injector with them at all times in case they need to use it in an emergency.
