A pressure ulcer, also known as a bedsore, is a localized injury to the skin and underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure on the skin. Pressure ulcers are most common in individuals who are bedridden or confined to a wheelchair for long periods of time, as well as those with weakened immune systems or poor circulation.
There are four stages of pressure ulcers, with stage I being the mildest and stage IV being the most severe.
Stage I: In this stage, the skin appears reddened and may feel warm to the touch. The area may also be painful and slightly swollen.
Stage II: In this stage, the skin breaks down and a shallow, open sore appears. The sore may also ooze fluid.
Stage III: In this stage, the skin further breaks down and a deep, open sore appears. The sore may have yellowish or brownish tissue.
Stage IV: In this stage, the skin has been completely destroyed and the underlying tissue, muscle, and bone may be exposed. The wound may be infected and may have a foul odor.
Treating a pressure ulcer should be done as soon as possible to prevent further damage and infection. Treatment may include cleaning and dressing the wound, using special beds and chairs to redistribute pressure, and providing medications and nutrition to improve circulation and healing. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.