Chiari malformations are a group of rare neurological disorders that occur when part of the brain, the cerebellum, protrudes out of the skull and into the spinal canal. If left untreated, Chiari malformations can lead to a variety of serious complications, such as headaches, balance problems, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and paralysis.
Symptoms of Untreated Chiari Malformation
The most common symptom of an untreated Chiari malformation is a headache that is usually located at the back of the head and neck. Other symptoms can include dizziness, numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, difficulty swallowing, weakness in the arms or legs, and balance problems. In more severe cases, people may experience difficulty breathing, arm and leg paralysis, nausea, and vomiting.
Complications of Untreated Chiari Malformation
If left untreated, Chiari malformations can lead to a variety of serious complications. These complications can include hydrocephalus (water on the brain), syringomyelia (a fluid-filled cavity in the spinal cord), and an increased risk of developing other neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis. Additionally, people with an untreated Chiari malformation may experience difficulty speaking, hearing loss, difficulty walking, vision changes, and difficulties with coordination and balance.
Treatment of Chiari Malformation
The primary treatment for a Chiari malformation is surgery, which can help to reduce symptoms and prevent further complications. The type of surgery depends on the severity of the malformation and the symptoms the person is experiencing. Depending on the case, doctors may perform a decompression surgery, which involves making an incision into the skull to remove a portion of the bone and relieve pressure on the brain. Other surgeries may also be recommended to correct any associated neurological or spinal cord issues.
In some cases, people with a Chiari malformation may also be advised to make lifestyle changes, such as avoiding activities that cause neck pain or strain, engaging in regular exercise, and eating a healthy diet. Additionally, medications may be prescribed to help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.