Hallmark findings associated with both B12 and folate deficiencies include macrocytic anemia, which is an anemia characterized by the presence of large, abnormally large, red blood cells (erythrocytes). This occurs because both B12 and folate deficiencies lead to a reduced ability of the bone marrow to produce new red blood cells, resulting in a reduced number of circulating red blood cells.
Furthermore, B12 and folate deficiencies can lead to a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. This can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, paleness, and an irregular heartbeat. Additionally, both B12 and folate deficiencies can cause neurological symptoms including numbness, tingling, and cognitive impairment.
Finally, B12 and folate deficiencies can cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract and lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. Furthermore, these deficiencies can lead to an increased risk of certain types of cancer, such as colon cancer.
In conclusion, the hallmark findings associated with both B12 and folate deficiencies include macrocytic anemia, a decrease in hemoglobin, neurological symptoms, and gastrointestinal damage. These deficiencies can lead to serious health complications and it is important to get tested if you experience any of the above symptoms.