The coronavirus belongs to the family of viruses known as the Coronaviridae. This family consists of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses. It includes the four genera Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus.
The coronavirus family is divided into different species, the most notable of which is the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus. This virus caused an outbreak in 2002-2003 that resulted in over 8,000 cases and almost 800 deaths.
The novel coronavirus causing the current pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, is a member of the Betacoronavirus genus and is closely related to the SARS coronavirus. It was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since spread throughout the world.
Other notable viruses in the Coronaviridae family include the mers-cov, which is responsible for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and the canine coronavirus, which can cause gastrointestinal illness in dogs.
The coronavirus family is one of four families in the order Nidovirales, which are characterized by their helical or icosahedral nucleocapsid and their large, single-stranded RNA genome. Other notable families in the order Nidovirales are Arteriviridae, Roniviridae, and Mesoniviridae.