Arthritis is a broad term that encompasses over 100 conditions that affect the joints, bones, and other connective tissues in the body. The two most common forms of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease caused by the gradual breakdown of cartilage, the cushioned material that covers the ends of bones in a joint. As the cartilage breaks down, the bones rub against each other, causing pain and stiffness. Osteoarthritis can be caused by wear and tear over time, or by an injury to the joint. It is most common in people over the age of 65.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation, swelling, and pain. The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, but it is believed to be triggered by a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. It is most common in women and usually begins between the ages of 20 and 50.
In addition to osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, there are several other types of arthritis that can be caused by infection, crystal deposits, or other factors. For example, gout is caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, while psoriatic arthritis is linked to the autoimmune disorder psoriasis.
No matter what type of arthritis is present, the hallmark symptom is joint pain and stiffness. Treatment options vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, but typically involve medications, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery.