Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) is an autoimmune disorder that occurs when antibodies produced by the body attack its own red blood cells. This can lead to a decrease in red blood cell count (anemia) and other serious health problems.
What is Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that attack and destroy its own red blood cells. The red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them, leading to a decrease in red blood cell count (anemia). This can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin, and other symptoms. WAIHA can be either primary (inherited) or secondary (acquired).
What Events Can Trigger WAIHA?
WAIHA can be triggered by a variety of events, including:
• Infections: WAIHA can be triggered by certain infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV).
• Medications: Certain medications, such as penicillin or sulfa drugs, can trigger WAIHA.
• Blood transfusions: Receiving a blood transfusion from a donor with incompatible blood type can trigger WAIHA.
• Pregnancy: Pregnancy can trigger WAIHA in some women.
• Cancer: Certain types of cancer, such as lymphoma or leukemia, can trigger WAIHA.
How is WAIHA Diagnosed?
WAIHA is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical exam, and laboratory tests. A complete blood count (CBC) will be done to check for anemia and other signs of WAIHA. Additional tests, such as a direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and a red cell antibody screen, may also be done to confirm the diagnosis.
How is WAIHA Treated?
Treatment for WAIHA depends on the underlying cause and severity of the disorder. In some cases, medications, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, may be used to reduce the production of antibodies and suppress the immune system. In other cases, blood transfusions may be necessary. In severe cases, a splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen) may be recommended.
