Immunodeficiency is a broad term used to describe a weakened immune system. It occurs when the body’s natural defenses—the immune system—are not working properly. People with immunodeficiency are more likely to get infections, and they may have difficulty fighting off the infection.
Types of Immunodeficiency
There are many different types of immunodeficiency, ranging from those that can be present at birth to those that develop later in life.
Primary Immunodeficiency: Primary immunodeficiency is an inherited condition in which the immune system is weakened from birth. This type of immunodeficiency is caused by a genetic mutation, and can be passed down from parent to child.
Secondary Immunodeficiency: Secondary immunodeficiency is caused by an external factor, such as a virus, certain medications, or cancer treatments. Secondary immunodeficiency can also be caused by malnutrition or a weakened immune system due to aging.
Symptoms of Immunodeficiency
People with immunodeficiency may experience a variety of symptoms, including frequent infections, fatigue, and weakened immune system function. People with primary immunodeficiency may also experience recurrent infections, such as sinus infections, pneumonia, and ear infections.
Diagnosis of Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including blood tests and other tests to measure the level of antibodies in the blood. Other tests may be used to identify any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the weakened immune system.
Treatment of Immunodeficiency
Treatment for immunodeficiency depends on the type and severity of the condition. Treatment may include medications to boost the immune system, such as immunoglobulin, or antibiotics to treat infections. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant may be necessary to correct the underlying genetic defect.