Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. This is the result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain. Autism is four more common in boys than girls. It is characterized by impaired social interaction, communication difficulties, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior.
What Causes Autism?
The exact cause of autism is unknown, although it is believed to be related to both genetic and environmental factors. Research has shown that certain genes may put a person at a higher risk for developing autism. However, it is important to note that no one gene has been identified as causing autism.
Environmental factors such as exposure to certain toxins, infections during pregnancy, and complications during birth can also increase the risk of autism. However, the exact role of these factors is still being studied.
Signs and Symptoms of Autism
The signs and symptoms of autism vary widely, as do its effects. Some people are mildly affected, while others are severely disabled. Generally, people with autism have difficulty with social interaction, communication, and behavior.
Common signs and symptoms of autism include:
• Impairment in social interaction, such as difficulty in making and sustaining friendships
• Difficulty with verbal and nonverbal communication, such as limited use of gestures, lack of eye contact, and inability to understand social cues
• Repetitive behaviors, such as hand flapping, rocking, and repeating phrases
• Restricted interests, such as fascination with certain topics or objects
• Resistance to change in routines
• Unusual responses to sensory input, such as hypersensitivity to certain sounds or textures
Diagnosis of Autism
Autism is typically diagnosed in early childhood. Diagnosis is based on observing the child’s behavior and development. A diagnosis may be made by a doctor, psychologist, or other trained professional.
In order to diagnose autism, the professional may use a variety of tests and assessments, such as a physical examination, a developmental screening, and behavioral assessments.
Treatment of Autism
There is no cure for autism, however, there are a variety of treatments available. Treatment typically focuses on improving communication, social, and behavioral skills. Treatment often includes behavior and communication therapies, as well as educational interventions. In some cases, medications may be used to help manage symptoms, such as anxiety or aggression.
In addition, parents and caregivers can provide support and help their child develop skills by providing activities and opportunities to practice and learn.