Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one’s legs. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can be aggravated by rest or inactivity. While the exact cause of RLS is unknown, experts believe it is related to an imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain and may be hereditary.
Risk Factors
There are several risk factors that may increase the likelihood of developing RLS, including age, gender, heredity, and certain medical conditions. RLS is more common in adults over the age of 40 and is more likely to occur in women than men. Additionally, those with a family history of RLS are more likely to develop the disorder. Medical conditions such as diabetes, iron deficiency anemia, Parkinson's disease, and peripheral neuropathy can also increase the risk of developing RLS.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing RLS can be difficult as there is no specific test to determine its presence. Doctors typically perform a physical exam and ask questions about symptoms and medical history. Additionally, doctors may order blood tests to determine if there is an underlying medical condition, such as iron deficiency anemia, that may be causing the symptoms.
Treatment
Treatment for RLS depends on the severity of the symptoms and may include lifestyle changes and medications. Lifestyle changes may include reducing stress, exercising regularly, and avoiding caffeine and alcohol. Medications such as dopamine agonists and anticonvulsants may also be prescribed to help relieve symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be recommended.
Complications
RLS can cause difficulty sleeping, which can lead to chronic fatigue, impaired concentration, and depression. Additionally, the urge to move the legs can interfere with daily activities.
Prevention
There is no sure way to prevent RLS, however, some lifestyle changes may reduce the risk of developing the disorder. These include getting regular exercise, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, and reducing stress. Additionally, those with a family history of RLS should be aware of the risk factors and seek medical attention if symptoms begin to develop.