Chiari malformation, or Chiari, is a rare neurological disorder caused by structural defects in the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls balance and coordination. When the cerebellum extends into the spinal canal, it can cause a variety of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, and vision problems. A Chiari flare up is a sudden worsening of symptoms associated with Chiari malformation.
Risk Factors
While the exact cause of Chiari flare ups is not known, there are several risk factors that can make them more likely. These include:
• Age: Chiari flare ups are more common in adults over the age of 40.
• Genetics: Certain genetic disorders, such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, can increase the risk of Chiari flare ups.
• Trauma: Traumatic events, such as a car accident or a fall, can trigger a Chiari flare up.
• Infection: Infections, such as meningitis, can cause a Chiari flare up.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as steroids, can increase the risk of a Chiari flare up.
Symptoms
The symptoms of a Chiari flare up can vary from person to person, but they typically include:
• Headaches: These may be severe and can be accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
• Neck pain: This can range from mild to severe and may be accompanied by stiffness.
• Dizziness: This can range from mild to severe and can lead to lightheadedness and fainting.
• Vision problems: These can include blurry vision, double vision, and other visual disturbances.
• Difficulty swallowing: This can range from mild to severe and can lead to difficulty speaking.
• Muscle weakness: This can range from mild to severe and can lead to difficulty walking.
Treatment
The treatment for Chiari flare ups will depend on the underlying cause. If the cause is an infection, such as meningitis, then antibiotics may be prescribed. If the cause is trauma, then pain medications may be prescribed. In some cases, surgery may be needed to correct the structural defects in the cerebellum.
In addition to medical treatment, lifestyle changes may also help reduce the frequency and severity of Chiari flare ups. These include getting plenty of rest, avoiding strenuous activities, and avoiding certain triggers, such as caffeine, alcohol, and stress.