Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women, and its cause is mostly attributed to the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). HPV is a very common virus that is spread through sexual contact. It is estimated that at least 75% of sexually active people will be infected with HPV at some point in their lives.
Infection with certain types of HPV increases a woman's risk for developing cervical cancer. These types are known as high-risk HPV, and they are responsible for about 70% of all cervical cancer cases. There are many types of HPV, and only some of them are considered high-risk.
In addition to HPV infection, other risk factors for developing cervical cancer include smoking, having multiple sexual partners, having a weakened immune system, and long-term use of oral contraceptives. Smokers are twice as likely to be infected with HPV as nonsmokers, and smoking can also increase the risk of cervical cancer. Women who have had multiple sexual partners are also more at risk of being infected with HPV, as well as other STDs, which can increase the risk of developing cervical cancer.
Immune suppression due to HIV/AIDS, organ transplantation, and certain treatments can also increase the risk of cervical cancer. Long-term use of oral contraceptives can also increase the risk, although the risk decreases with time after stopping use.
Finally, certain genetic factors have also been linked to an increased risk of developing cervical cancer. A family history of cervical cancer or pre-cancerous cells can increase the risk, as can certain inherited genetic disorders.
Overall, the primary cause of cervical cancer is infection with high-risk HPV, although there are other risk factors that can increase the risk of developing the disease. It is important to practice safe sex, get regular Pap tests, and get vaccinated against HPV in order to reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer.