Ankylosis of a joint is a condition where two bones fuse together, resulting in a lack of mobility and flexibility. This condition is caused by a variety of factors, including infection, trauma, autoimmune diseases, and congenital deformities.
Infections can cause ankylosis when bacteria or other organisms enter the joint through cuts or punctures. The infection can cause tissues within the joint to become inflamed and swollen, leading to the formation of bone-like tissue that binds the two bones together. Trauma, such as a fracture or dislocation, can also cause ankylosis if the bones are not properly aligned.
Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can also lead to ankylosis. In these conditions, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, including those in the joint. This can cause inflammation and the accumulation of bone-like tissue, leading to ankylosis.
Finally, deformities that are present at birth can also cause ankylosis. This can occur when the bones do not form correctly or are not in the correct position. In these cases, ankylosis can occur even without infection or trauma.
In all cases, ankylosis can cause pain, stiffness, and a lack of mobility in the affected joint. If left untreated, the condition can become worse over time, leading to even more severe complications. Treatment for this condition depends on the underlying cause, and may include medications, physical therapy, surgery, or a combination of these methods.