Coughing is a natural reflex that helps protect your lungs and airways by clearing them of irritants, such as smoke, dust, and mucus. While a cough is usually a sign of a minor health issue, it can also be a symptom of a more serious condition. Understanding what causes a cough can help you identify the underlying cause and get the right treatment.
Common Causes of a Cough
The most common causes of a cough include colds, the flu, bronchitis, asthma, and allergies.
Colds and Flu: The common cold and influenza (flu) are both viral illnesses that can cause a cough. Colds are usually milder than the flu, and typically cause a general feeling of being unwell, a sore throat, and a dry or wet cough. The flu, on the other hand, is more severe and can cause fever, chills, body aches, and a dry cough.
Bronchitis: Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs. It can be acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis is typically caused by a virus and usually clears up on its own within a few weeks. Chronic bronchitis is caused by long-term exposure to irritants, such as smoke or chemicals. It can cause a mucus-producing cough that lasts for more than three months.
Asthma: Asthma is a chronic lung condition that causes the airways to narrow and makes breathing difficult. It can cause a dry cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
Allergies: Allergies are an overreaction of the immune system to a substance, such as pollen or pet dander. They can cause coughing, sneezing, and wheezing.
Other Causes of a Cough
In addition to the common causes of a cough, there are some less common causes that can also cause a cough. These include:
Lung Disease: Lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease, can cause a persistent cough.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): GERD is a digestive disorder that can cause acid reflux and a chronic cough.
Heart Failure: Heart failure can cause a chronic cough due to fluid buildup in the lungs.
Medications: Certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, can cause a dry cough.
When to See a Doctor
If your cough is persistent or accompanied by other symptoms, such as fever, shortness of breath, or chest pain, it is important to see a doctor for a diagnosis and treatment. A doctor can help determine the underlying cause of the cough and recommend the best course of treatment.