Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease caused by an immune system response gone awry. The body's immune system mistakenly attacks the liver, leading to inflammation, scarring, and eventually liver damage. The exact cause of autoimmune hepatitis is unknown, but certain triggers may be involved.
Genetic Factors
Autoimmune hepatitis is thought to have a strong genetic component, with some families having a higher risk of developing the condition. A gene called HLA-DR3 is present in most people with autoimmune hepatitis, but its exact role in triggering the condition is still unclear.
Environmental Triggers
Certain environmental triggers may also play a role in the onset of autoimmune hepatitis. Viral infections, such as hepatitis A, B, or C, can cause the immune system to become overactive and attack healthy cells in the liver. Medications, such as certain antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may also lead to the onset of autoimmune hepatitis.
Hormones and Autoimmune Hepatitis
Hormonal imbalances have also been linked to the onset of autoimmune hepatitis. Women, in particular, are more likely to develop the condition, particularly during periods of hormonal changes such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause.
Other Factors
In some cases, environmental toxins, such as alcohol, may trigger the onset of autoimmune hepatitis. People with other autoimmune conditions, such as lupus, are also at an increased risk of developing the condition.
Although autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic condition, it is possible to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of liver damage with early diagnosis and treatment. The exact cause of autoimmune hepatitis is still unknown, but understanding the potential triggers can help to identify the condition sooner and begin treatment.