Aggressive periodontitis is a severe form of periodontal disease that results in the destruction of the tissues and bone that anchor teeth in the mouth. It is typically seen in younger individuals and is characterized by rapid, severe destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. It can lead to significant bone loss and premature tooth loss.
What Causes Aggressive Periodontitis?
Aggressive periodontitis is caused by a combination of bacterial infection and genetic susceptibility to the disease. Bacteria that are normally found in the mouth, such as Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, can become more aggressive when they are left unchecked due to poor oral hygiene. If left untreated, these bacteria can cause inflammation and damage to the periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. In addition, some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to the disease, making them more susceptible to the destructive effects of bacteria.
What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Aggressive Periodontitis?
The most common signs and symptoms of aggressive periodontitis include red, swollen gums that bleed easily, receding gums, and bad breath. As the disease progresses, patients may experience loose teeth, shifting teeth, and extreme sensitivity to temperature or pressure. Additionally, aggressive periodontitis can cause damage to the bone and periodontal ligaments, resulting in visible bone loss in advanced cases.
How Is Aggressive Periodontitis Diagnosed?
Aggressive periodontitis is typically diagnosed during a routine dental exam. During the exam, the dentist will assess the health of the gums and check for signs of inflammation, such as redness or bleeding. X-rays may also be taken to look for any signs of bone loss. If the dentist suspects aggressive periodontitis, they may refer the patient to a periodontist for further evaluation.
How Is Aggressive Periodontitis Treated?
The treatment for aggressive periodontitis depends on the severity of the condition and the extent of the damage. Treatment typically involves a combination of scaling and root planing to remove plaque and bacteria from the teeth and gums, as well as antibiotics to control the infection. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to restore the periodontal ligaments and bone.