Immunization, also known as vaccination, is the process by which a person is exposed to a specific disease in order to develop immunity, or protection from the disease. In general, there are two types of immunization: active immunization and passive immunization.
Active immunization involves the introduction of a weakened form of a disease-causing agent into the body. This can be in the form of a vaccine or a live virus. The body then recognizes the agent as foreign and begins to produce antibodies to fight it. This process helps to build up immunity to the disease. Examples of active immunization include the measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox vaccines.
Passive immunization does not involve the introduction of a weakened form of a disease-causing agent into the body. Instead, it involves the transfer of antibodies from one person to another. This can be done through the injection of a serum containing antibodies or through the transfer of blood or plasma from a person who has immunity to a specific disease. This type of immunization provides immediate protection from the disease, but it does not provide long-term protection. Examples of passive immunization include the administration of rabies and tetanus immunoglobulin.
Overall, active immunization and passive immunization are two types of immunization that can help to provide protection from certain diseases. Active immunization involves the introduction of a weakened form of a disease-causing agent into the body, while passive immunization involves the transfer of antibodies from one person to another. Both of these types of immunization can be effective in protecting people from certain diseases.