Diverticular disease is a condition of the large intestine (colon) that is caused by the formation of small, bulging pouches in the wall of the intestine. These pouches, known as diverticula, can become inflamed or infected, resulting in the three types of diverticular disease: diverticulitis, diverticular bleeding, and diverticulosis.
Diverticulitis is the most serious type of diverticular disease and occurs when one or more of the diverticula become inflamed or infected. Symptoms of diverticulitis can include abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Treatment for diverticulitis usually involves antibiotics and a liquid diet. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected portion of the colon.
Diverticular bleeding occurs when a diverticulum becomes weakened and a small amount of blood is released into the colon. Symptoms of diverticular bleeding include rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and nausea. Treatment for diverticular bleeding may include medications to reduce inflammation or stop the bleeding. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to stop the bleeding.
Diverticulosis is the mildest form of diverticular disease and refers to the presence of diverticula in the colon without any associated inflammation or infection. Diverticulosis is usually diagnosed through imaging tests such as CT scans or colonoscopies. Treatment for diverticulosis is not usually necessary, but a high-fiber diet and regular exercise may help to prevent symptoms.
In summary, there are three types of diverticular disease: diverticulitis, diverticular bleeding, and diverticulosis. Each type of diverticular disease can be diagnosed with imaging tests and may require different treatments, ranging from antibiotics to surgery.