Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) caused by the build-up of plaque in the artery walls. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the blood. As plaque builds up, it narrows the artery and reduces the flow of blood. This can lead to serious medical conditions, such as heart attack or stroke.
There are three types of atherosclerosis:
1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This type of atherosclerosis affects the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Plaque buildup in these arteries can reduce the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart, leading to chest pain, breathlessness, and even a heart attack.
2. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): This type of atherosclerosis affects the arteries that supply blood to the legs and feet. Plaque buildup in these arteries can cause a decrease in blood flow and cause pain in the legs and feet while walking. Over time, this can lead to tissue death, gangrene, and even amputation.
3. Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD): This type of atherosclerosis affects the arteries that supply blood to the brain. Plaque buildup in these arteries can reduce the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the brain, leading to stroke.
In all three types of atherosclerosis, lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet can help reduce the risk of developing the condition. Additionally, medications such as statins and ACE inhibitors can help reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis by lowering cholesterol and blood pressure.