Pressure ulcers, also referred to as pressure sores or bedsores, are areas of localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure on the skin. They typically develop when a person remains in one position for too long, either due to physical immobility or medical conditions that cause reduced sensation. Pressure ulcers are most commonly found on the heels, elbows, hips, and lower back, although they can develop anywhere on the body.
The most common symptom of a pressure ulcer is an area of skin that is painful, discolored, and hard to the touch. These areas may also be swollen, warm to the touch, and have a foul odor. If the pressure ulcer is deep, it may also ooze fluid or blood. In severe cases, pressure ulcers can lead to infection and even tissue death.
Risk factors for developing pressure ulcers include age, immobility, poor nutrition, incontinence, and poor circulation. Those most at risk are the elderly, bedridden patients, and those with weakened immune systems.
Treatment for pressure ulcers varies depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may be treated with over-the-counter creams and ointments, while more severe cases may require more aggressive treatments such as antibiotics, debridement, and even surgery. Prevention is key to avoiding pressure ulcers, and includes regular repositioning, good nutrition, and proper skin care.