Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The exact cause of atopic dermatitis is still unknown, but a combination of factors is believed to be involved. These include genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, immune system abnormalities, and skin barrier dysfunction.
Genetic predisposition is a major factor in the development of atopic dermatitis. Mutations in certain genes can lead to an increased risk of developing the condition. Environmental triggers, such as exposure to certain allergens or irritants, can also play a role. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, animal dander, and mold can all aggravate the condition.
Immune system abnormalities can also contribute to atopic dermatitis. In people with the condition, the immune system is overly sensitive and reacts abnormally to certain triggers. This results in an inflammatory response that leads to skin symptoms.
Skin barrier dysfunction is also a major factor in atopic dermatitis. People with the condition have a weakened skin barrier, which makes it easier for allergens and irritants to pass through. This can lead to increased inflammation and skin symptoms.
In summary, the main causes of atopic dermatitis are genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, immune system abnormalities, and skin barrier dysfunction. These factors all interact and contribute to the development and progression of the condition.