Atypical pneumonia is a type of pneumonia caused by a variety of bacterial and viral microorganisms. It is also known as walking pneumonia because it may not cause severe symptoms and a person with the illness may still be able to walk and function normally. The most common cause of atypical pneumonia is Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a type of bacteria that is distinct from other forms of bacteria that cause pneumonia. Other causes of atypical pneumonia may include Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Coxiella burnetii.
The findings of atypical pneumonia can vary depending on the microorganism causing the infection. Generally, the symptoms may include a dry cough, chest pain, sore throat, shortness of breath, fatigue, fever, and headache. In some cases, a person may develop a rash and may experience joint and muscle aches.
Diagnosis of atypical pneumonia is typically done by a physical examination and laboratory tests. A chest X-ray may be performed to identify the presence of pneumonia. Blood tests may be used to detect specific antibodies or antigens associated with the microorganism causing the infection. In some cases, a sputum sample may be tested for the presence of the microorganism.
Treatment of atypical pneumonia is typically done with antibiotics, such as macrolides or fluoroquinolones. In severe cases, a person may need to be hospitalized and receive intravenous antibiotics.
In general, the prognosis of atypical pneumonia is good with prompt treatment. However, in some cases, complications may arise, such as respiratory failure and sepsis. It is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible if atypical pneumonia is suspected.