Environmental causes of lymphoma can be divided into two categories: direct and indirect.
Direct environmental causes are those that cause direct damage to lymphocyte DNA, resulting in an increased risk of lymphoma. These include exposure to ionizing radiation, such as radiation from nuclear reactors or medical radiation treatments, and exposure to certain chemicals, such as benzene, asbestos, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). These exposures can increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and other types of lymphoma.
Indirect environmental causes are those that affect the immune system, making it more susceptible to cancerous changes. These include exposure to air pollution, cigarette smoke, and certain viruses, as well as an unhealthy diet. Poor air quality can lead to inflammation, which can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of lymphoma. Cigarette smoke is also a known carcinogen, and secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lymphoma. In addition, certain viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, can increase the risk of lymphoma. Finally, an unhealthy diet, such as one that is high in processed meats and low in fruits and vegetables, can lead to an imbalance in the immune system, which can increase the risk of lymphoma.
Overall, direct and indirect environmental causes can both increase the risk of developing lymphoma. It is important to limit exposure to known carcinogens and to practice good health habits, such as eating a balanced diet and avoiding smoking, to help reduce the risk of developing this disease.