Causes of Oral Cancer
Oral cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the tissue of the mouth, including the tongue, cheeks, lips, and floor of the mouth. While the exact cause of oral cancer is not known, it is thought to be linked to a number of risk factors, including smoking, drinking alcohol, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections.
Tobacco Use
Using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco, is the greatest risk factor for developing oral cancer. Studies have found that people who smoke are six times more likely to develop oral cancer than those who do not. Furthermore, the risk increases with the length of time and amount of tobacco a person smokes.
Alcohol Use
Drinking alcohol is another major risk factor for oral cancer. Heavy drinkers are four times more likely to develop oral cancer than those who do not drink. The combination of drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco increases a person's risk of developing oral cancer even more.
HPV Infection
HPV is a virus that is spread through sexual contact. Certain strains of HPV, known as high-risk HPV, have been linked to an increased risk of oral cancer. HPV is thought to cause changes in the cells of the mouth, which can lead to the development of cancerous tumors.
Age and Gender
While anyone can develop oral cancer, it is most common in people over the age of 50. Additionally, men are twice as likely to develop oral cancer as women.
Diet
Eating a diet low in fruits and vegetables may also increase a person's risk of developing oral cancer. Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants, which are thought to help protect against cancer.
Sun Exposure
Exposure to the sun can also increase a person's risk of developing oral cancer. People who regularly spend time outdoors without protective clothing or sunscreen are at a higher risk for developing cancerous lesions in the mouth.
