Anxiety Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence
Anxiety disorders are common in children and adolescents, with approximately 10-20% of children and adolescents affected by generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and phobias. These disorders can be debilitating and cause considerable distress for children and adolescents, as well as their families.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive and persistent worrying, often about everyday life events. Symptoms may include restlessness, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep problems.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors. Symptoms may include intrusive thoughts, compulsive rituals, avoidance of triggers, and excessive worry.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized by recurrent, intrusive memories and nightmares of a traumatic event. Symptoms may include flashbacks, avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event, hyperarousal, and difficulty concentrating.
Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is characterized by excessive fear and worry related to separation from home or family members. Symptoms may include excessive worry about losing a parent or caregiver, difficulty sleeping away from home, nightmares about separation, and physical symptoms such as stomachaches or headaches when separated.
Phobias are characterized by intense fear of a specific object or situation. Symptoms may include avoidance of the feared object or situation, irrational fear, and physical symptoms such as sweating, trembling, or a racing heart.
These anxiety disorders can be debilitating and can significantly interfere with daily functioning. It is important to seek treatment if your child is exhibiting symptoms of an anxiety disorder. Treatment typically includes cognitive-behavioral therapy, medications, and lifestyle changes, such as exercise and relaxation techniques.
