Dementia is a broad term used to describe a decline in cognitive ability that affects a person's daily functioning. The 4 most common causes of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for up to 80 percent of all cases. It is caused by the deterioration of nerve cells in the brain, leading to a decline in cognitive abilities. Symptoms include memory loss, difficulty with language, difficulty with problem-solving, and difficulty performing everyday tasks.
Vascular dementia is caused by impaired blood flow to the brain, leading to decreased oxygen supply and damage to brain cells. It is typically caused by a stroke, but can also be caused by other conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Symptoms include difficulty making decisions, difficulty with memory, trouble finding the right words, and difficulty with balance and coordination.
Lewy body dementia is caused by the accumulation of Lewy bodies in the brain. These are abnormal clumps of proteins that affect the nerve cells in the brain, leading to a decline in cognitive abilities. Symptoms include memory loss, difficulty with problem-solving, visual hallucinations, and difficulty with movement.
Frontotemporal dementia is caused by the damage or deterioration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. This can lead to changes in behavior, language, and personality. Symptoms include difficulty with communication, difficulty with problem-solving, and changes in behavior and personality.
Overall, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia are the most common causes of dementia. Each of these conditions has its own symptoms and treatment options, and it is important to seek medical advice if you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms.