Panic disorders are a type of anxiety disorder characterized by sudden and intense fear, usually accompanied by physical symptoms such as racing heart, shortness of breath, sweating, and nausea. There are four major types of panic disorder: panic disorder with agoraphobia, panic disorder without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, and specific phobias.
1. Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia: This type of panic disorder is characterized by recurrent panic attacks and a fear of being in places or situations where escape may be difficult or embarrassing. People with this type of disorder may avoid situations such as public transportation, enclosed spaces, or large crowds.
2. Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia: This type of panic disorder is characterized by recurrent panic attacks, but without the fear of being in places or situations where escape may be difficult or embarrassing. People with this type of disorder may still experience anticipatory anxiety and may have fears of certain activities or situations.
3. Agoraphobia without a History of Panic Disorder: This type of disorder is characterized by fear or avoidance of situations or places that may induce panic-like symptoms. People with this type of disorder may experience anticipatory anxiety and may avoid activities or places where escape may be difficult or embarrassing.
4. Specific Phobias: This type of disorder is characterized by an intense fear of a specific object or situation. People with specific phobias may experience anticipatory anxiety and panic-like symptoms when exposed to the object or situation. Examples of specific phobias include fear of animals, fear of heights, and fear of flying.
In all four types of panic disorders, the individual may experience physical symptoms such as racing heart, sweating, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. In addition, people with panic disorders may experience anticipatory anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and persistent worry. Treatment for panic disorders typically involves cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication, and relaxation techniques.