The three types of sickle cell disease (SCD) are sickle cell anemia (HbSS), sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease (HbSC), and sickle cell-beta thalassemia (HbS/beta thalassemia).
Sickle cell anemia (HbSS) is the most common type of SCD. It is characterized by the presence of two abnormal hemoglobin genes, which cause sickle-shaped red blood cells to form and leads to anemia. People with HbSS often have a shortened life expectancy and are more prone to infections, pain crises, and organ damage.
Sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease (HbSC) is a milder form of SCD that is caused by having one abnormal hemoglobin gene and one hemoglobin C gene. People with HbSC typically have fewer symptoms than those with HbSS, but are still at risk for many of the same complications.
Sickle cell-beta thalassemia (HbS/beta thalassemia) is the least common type of SCD. It is caused by having one abnormal hemoglobin gene and one beta thalassemia gene. People with HbS/beta thalassemia may have mild to moderate anemia, but are at a lower risk for complications than those with HbSS or HbSC.
All three types of SCD can be managed with proper care and treatment. However, there is no cure for SCD and individuals with any type of SCD can experience complications. Treatment focuses on managing pain and preventing infections, as well as other medical complications.