Atherosclerosis is a condition that affects the arteries and is caused by the buildup of plaque in the artery walls. The three main causes of atherosclerosis are high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking.
High cholesterol is one of the most common causes of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol is a type of fat that is found in the blood. When there is too much cholesterol in the blood, it can build up on the walls of the arteries, forming plaque. This can cause the arteries to narrow, reducing the amount of blood that is able to flow through them. This can lead to a variety of health problems, including atherosclerosis.
High blood pressure is also a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high. This can cause the artery walls to become stiff and thickened, making it more difficult for the blood to flow through them. As a result, the plaque that has built up on the walls can narrow the artery, leading to atherosclerosis.
Smoking is another major risk factor for atherosclerosis. When someone smokes, the smoke contains toxins that can damage the artery walls. This can cause plaque to form and the artery walls to become thick and stiff. This can lead to a narrowing of the artery, and eventually to atherosclerosis.
These three main causes of atherosclerosis can be prevented or treated by making lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly. In addition, medications may be prescribed to help lower cholesterol and blood pressure. By following a healthy lifestyle and taking any necessary medications, you can reduce your risk of developing atherosclerosis.