Bacteria are the primary cause of periodontal (gum) disease, and there are two main ways that bacteria can lead to this type of infection.
The first way is through plaque. Plaque is a sticky film that develops on the surface of teeth, and it is made up of bacteria, saliva, and food particles. When plaque is allowed to accumulate, it can cause an infection in the gums, known as gingivitis. This infection causes swelling, redness, and bleeding of the gums. If the plaque is not removed and the infection is not treated, it can progress into a more severe form of gum disease called periodontitis.
The second way that bacteria can cause periodontal disease is through the formation of tartar. Tartar is a hardened form of plaque that forms on the teeth and is difficult to remove. Tartar is made up of bacteria, calcium, and other minerals. These bacteria can cause inflammation and infection of the gums, leading to periodontal disease.
When bacteria are allowed to accumulate on the teeth and gums, it compromises the health of the gums and can lead to periodontal disease. Both plaque and tartar can cause infection, and it is important to prevent the buildup of bacteria on the teeth and gums to help maintain healthy gums.