Rare heart conditions are medical disorders that affect the normal functioning of the heart. These conditions can range from minor irregularities in heart rhythm to more serious structural and electrical problems that can lead to life-threatening complications. Some of the more common rare heart conditions include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), and Long QT Syndrome (LQTS).
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disorder of the heart muscle that can cause thickening of the heart walls and obstruction of the outflow tract. This can lead to shortness of breath, chest pain, and arrhythmias. HCM is most often inherited, but can also be caused by a gene mutation. Treatment of HCM includes lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, surgery.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a condition in which the right ventricle of the heart is structurally abnormal. This can lead to arrhythmias and a weakened heart muscle. ARVC can be inherited, or caused by a gene mutation. Treatment includes medications to control irregular heart rhythms and in some cases, surgery.
Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a rare disorder of the heart’s electrical system that can cause a prolonged QT interval on an electrocardiogram. This can lead to an abnormal heart rhythm, known as torsade de pointes, which can be dangerous or even fatal. LQTS can be inherited, or caused by a gene mutation. Treatment includes medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).
These are just a few of the rare heart conditions that can affect individuals. It is important to be aware of these conditions and to seek medical help if you or a loved one is experiencing any symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment of rare heart conditions can help prevent serious complications.