Diverticular diseases are a group of conditions that affect the digestive tract and are caused by the formation of small, bulging pouches in the walls of the intestines. These pouches, called diverticula, can become inflamed or infected, causing a wide range of symptoms and complications.
The most common form of diverticular disease is diverticulitis, which is an inflammation of the diverticula. Symptoms of diverticulitis include fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and changes in bowel habits. If left untreated, diverticulitis can lead to serious complications such as perforation, abscess, fistula, or bowel obstruction. Treatment usually involves antibiotics and rest. In some cases, surgery may be needed to remove the affected area.
Another form of diverticular disease is diverticulosis, which is the formation of diverticula without any inflammation. Diverticulosis can cause abdominal pain and occasional bleeding, but is usually asymptomatic. Treatment typically involves a high-fiber diet, along with medications to manage symptoms.
Finally, another form of diverticular disease is called diverticular colitis, which is an inflammation of the colon caused by diverticula. Symptoms of diverticular colitis include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bleeding. Treatment usually involves antibiotics and other medications to reduce inflammation. Surgery may also be needed in some cases.