Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that affects the way a person communicates and interacts with others. It is characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and behavior. ASD is classified into five different disorders, each with its own distinct set of symptoms.
1. Autistic Disorder: Autistic Disorder, also known as Classic Autism, is the most commonly diagnosed disorder of ASD. It is characterized by significant difficulty in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behavior. People with Autistic Disorder often have difficulty with self-care and may demonstrate a lack of empathy towards others.
2. Asperger Syndrome: Asperger Syndrome is a milder form of Autism. Individuals with this disorder have difficulty with social interaction, but usually don’t experience the same level of communication deficits as individuals with Autistic Disorder. They often demonstrate a strong interest in a particular topic and may be highly intelligent.
3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS): PDD-NOS is a diagnosis used for individuals who don’t fit into the other ASD categories, but still have some of the symptoms of autism. Individuals with PDD-NOS may have difficulty with social interaction, communication, and behavior, but not to the same degree as individuals with Autistic Disorder or Asperger Syndrome.
4. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD): CDD is a rare disorder of ASD that is characterized by a significant regression in development after a period of normal developmental milestones. Individuals with CDD may lose language and social skills, have difficulty with motor coordination, and experience behavioral issues.
5. Rett Syndrome: Rett Syndrome is a rare disorder of ASD that mainly affects females. It is characterized by a period of normal development followed by a regression in skills, including language, motor coordination, and social interaction. Individuals with Rett Syndrome often experience seizures, have difficulty with hand movements, and demonstrate a lack of interest in others.
Overall, ASD is a spectrum disorder that can manifest itself in a variety of ways. The five disorders of ASD share some common features, but they each have their own unique set of symptoms. It is important to recognize the individual needs of each person with ASD and provide appropriate treatment and support.