Atopic diseases are a type of inflammatory disease that affects the skin, the eyes, and the airways. These diseases are often caused by an overactive immune system response to environmental triggers, such as certain allergens. Common atopic diseases include allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, atopic dermatitis (eczema), and food allergies.
Allergic rhinitis is a condition that causes inflammation and irritation in the nose, eyes, and throat due to the body’s response to certain allergens, such as pollen or pet dander. Symptoms may include sneezing, runny nose, itching, and watery eyes.
Asthma is a lung disease characterized by difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma can be triggered by allergens, such as pollens, dust mites, and animal dander.
Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes red, itchy, and scaly patches to form on the skin. It is often triggered by allergens, as well as other environmental factors, such as dry skin, certain fabrics, and stress.
Food allergies are an immune system response to certain foods, often triggered by proteins in the food. Common food allergies include allergies to peanuts, milk, eggs, and shellfish. Symptoms of food allergies may include hives, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
Atopic diseases can be managed with lifestyle changes, such as avoiding triggers, and medications, such as antihistamines and corticosteroids. In some cases, allergy shots may be recommended to reduce sensitivity to allergens.