COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive lung disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It can begin at any age, but is most commonly seen in people over the age of 40.
What Causes COPD?
COPD is most commonly caused by smoking and long-term exposure to air pollution, dust, and other irritants. It can also be caused by genetics, a history of respiratory infections, and certain medical conditions.
How Is COPD Diagnosed?
COPD is typically diagnosed through a physical exam, medical history review, and lab tests. A physical exam may include a chest X-ray to look for signs of obstruction in the lungs. Lab tests may include spirometry, which is a test to measure how much air a person can breathe out.
What Are the Symptoms of COPD?
Symptoms of COPD include shortness of breath, wheezing, and a persistent cough with mucus. Other symptoms may include chest pain and tightness, fatigue, and an increased risk of respiratory infections.
How Is COPD Treated?
Treatment for COPD typically includes medications, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications may include inhaled bronchodilators to open the airways and reduce inflammation. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a program of exercise and education to help people with COPD manage their symptoms. Oxygen therapy involves using supplemental oxygen to help improve breathing. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and avoiding air pollutants, can also help reduce symptoms.