What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a condition that affects the body's ability to process blood sugar. It occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells in the body absorb and use sugar (glucose) for energy. When there is not enough insulin, or the body cannot use it effectively, the sugar builds up in the bloodstream instead of being absorbed by cells, which can lead to serious health problems.
Types of Diabetes
There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that affects about 5% of people with diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. This means that the body cannot produce insulin and must rely on injections or an insulin pump to control blood sugar.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, and it affects about 95% of people with diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin or is unable to use the insulin effectively. People with type 2 diabetes may need to take medication or inject insulin to keep their blood sugar levels under control.
Risk Factors for Diabetes
There are several risk factors that can increase a person's chances of developing diabetes. These include being overweight or obese, having a family history of diabetes, being physically inactive, having high blood pressure, having a high-fat diet, and being over the age of 45.
Complications of Diabetes
Having diabetes can increase the risk of developing several health complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, eye problems, and nerve damage. These complications can be avoided or minimized if the blood sugar levels are kept under control.
Treatment Options
Treating diabetes requires a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and monitoring of blood sugar levels. Lifestyle changes may include eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. Medications can help keep blood sugar levels in the target range and may include insulin, oral medications, or a combination of both. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is also important to ensure the medications are working properly.