Soft tissue sarcoma is an uncommon type of cancer that affects the body's soft tissues, such as muscles, fat, blood vessels, nerves, tendons, and joint linings. Soft tissue sarcoma is more common in adults than in children, with the highest incidence occurring in those aged 60 or older. Though the exact cause of soft tissue sarcoma in adults is unknown, some risk factors have been identified, including certain inherited genetic syndromes, previous radiation therapy, and chronic lymphedema.
Soft tissue sarcomas are divided into two main categories based on the type of tissue they affect: soft tissue sarcomas of the arm and leg, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The most common type of soft tissue sarcoma in adults is leiomyosarcoma, which typically affects the arms and legs. Other types of soft tissue sarcomas that affect adults include malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, synovial sarcomas, and liposarcomas. GISTs are the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma in the abdomen and small intestine and are usually found in adults aged 50 or older.
Early detection and diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma is critical in order to improve outcomes. Symptoms of soft tissue sarcoma can vary depending on the location of the tumor, but may include a lump or mass, pain, fatigue, swelling, and/or general discomfort. If any of these symptoms are present, it is important to contact a health care professional for further evaluation. Treatment for soft tissue sarcoma typically involves surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy, and the prognosis depends on the size and stage of the tumor.