Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare form of cancer that develops in the soft tissues of the body, such as muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. It is estimated to affect approximately 11,000 people in the United States each year. While soft tissue sarcoma can occur at any age, it is most commonly seen in adults over the age of 40. In fact, more than half of all soft tissue sarcoma cases occur in adults over the age of 60.
The exact cause of soft tissue sarcoma is unknown, but certain risk factors have been identified. People who have been exposed to radiation, such as those who have had radiation therapy for other cancers, may have an increased risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. Other risk factors include certain inherited disorders, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and long-term use of the anti-inflammatory drug phenylbutazone.
Soft tissue sarcoma can be difficult to diagnose because it often does not cause symptoms until the tumor has grown to a large size. If it is detected early, it can often be treated successfully with surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. Prognosis depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the person’s age and overall health.