Ovarian Cancer in Young Adults: Overview
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that affects the ovaries, two small reproductive organs located in the female pelvis. Although ovarian cancer is more common in women over the age of 50, it can also occur in younger women. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 1 in 70 women will develop ovarian cancer at some point in their life. However, the risk is much lower for younger adults.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of ovarian cancer in young adults is difficult to determine due to the rarity of the condition and the lack of research in this population. However, some studies have found that the incidence of ovarian cancer in women aged 20 to 24 is approximately 0.4 per 100,000 women per year. For women aged 25 to 29, the incidence is approximately 0.8 per 100,000 women per year.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of ovarian cancer in young adults is not known, but there are certain risk factors that may increase the risk of developing the disease. These include:
• Personal history of breast, colorectal, or endometrial cancer
• Family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer
• Genetic mutations, such as those associated with the BRCA gene
• Obesity
• Use of fertility drugs
Screening and Diagnosis
Although screening for ovarian cancer is recommended for women over the age of 50, there is no evidence to suggest that screening is beneficial for younger women. Therefore, diagnosis usually occurs when a woman experiences symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements. If these symptoms are present, a physician may recommend further testing, such as a pelvic exam, ultrasound, and/or blood test.
Treatment
The treatment for ovarian cancer in young adults is similar to that of older women, and usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The type of treatment will depend on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. In some cases, fertility-sparing surgery or chemotherapy may be recommended.
Conclusion
Ovarian cancer is not common in young adults, but it is important to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms associated with the disease. If any of the symptoms are present, it is important to speak with a doctor as soon as possible. With early detection and proper treatment, ovarian cancer can be effectively managed in young women.