Angina pectoris, also known as "angina," is a common condition that affects the heart. It is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, which can lead to chest pain. While angina itself is not usually serious, it can be a sign of an underlying heart condition, such as coronary artery disease. As such, it is important to seek medical attention if you experience chest pain.
What Is Angina Pectoris?
Angina pectoris is chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen-rich blood. This can be caused by the narrowing of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood. This narrowing is often due to a buildup of plaque in the arteries. Angina is often experienced as a tightness or pressure in the chest. It can also be described as a burning or squeezing sensation.
What Causes Angina?
The most common cause of angina pectoris is coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of plaque. Plaque is a fatty substance that can form in the walls of the arteries. When the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, it can cause reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to chest pain. Other causes of angina include heart valve disease, anemia, and extreme physical exertion.
Who Is at Risk for Angina?
Anyone can experience angina, but certain factors can increase your risk. These include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and a family history of heart disease. People who are physically inactive or have a diet high in saturated fat are also at an increased risk.
What Are the Symptoms of Angina?
The most common symptom of angina is chest pain. This can be described as a tightness, pressure, burning, or squeezing sensation in the chest. It can also spread to the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, or back. People may also experience shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue, and sweating.
How Is Angina Diagnosed?
If you experience chest pain, it is important to seek medical attention. Your doctor will take your medical history and perform a physical exam. They may also order tests, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, stress test, or cardiac catheterization. These tests can help determine the cause of the chest pain and diagnose angina.
How Is Angina Treated?
Treatment for angina depends on the underlying cause. Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and getting regular physical activity. Medications, such as nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers, can also be used to reduce chest pain and improve blood flow to the heart. In some cases, surgery may be needed to treat the underlying cause of angina.
Is Angina Pectoris Harmful?
Angina itself is not usually serious, but it can be a sign of an underlying heart condition. As such, it is important to seek medical attention if you experience chest pain. With proper treatment, angina can be managed and the risk of complications can be reduced.