Albinism is an inherited genetic condition that results in a lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. The condition affects people of all racial and ethnic backgrounds and can be passed down from one generation to the next.
What is Albinism?
Albinism is a rare, genetic disorder that is present at birth. It is caused by a mutation in one of several genes that determine the amount of the pigment melanin that is produced in the skin, hair, and eyes. People with albinism typically have very pale skin, white hair, and light-colored eyes.
How Is Albinism Inherited?
Albinism is typically inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that both parents must pass on a copy of the gene mutation in order for the child to be affected. If only one parent passes on the gene mutation, the child will not have albinism, but will be a carrier and can pass the gene mutation on to their own children.
What Are the Risks of Inheriting Albinism?
The risk of inheriting albinism from a carrier parent is 25%, which means that for every four children born to a carrier parent, one will have albinism. Albinism can also occur spontaneously in families that have no history of the condition.
What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Albinism?
The most common signs and symptoms of albinism include very pale skin, white or light-colored hair, and light-colored eyes. People with albinism may also have vision problems, such as near-sightedness, far-sightedness, or astigmatism. They may also be more sensitive to the sun and more prone to sunburns.
Is There a Treatment for Albinism?
There is no cure for albinism, but there are treatments that can help manage the condition. For instance, people with albinism should use sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors to protect their skin from the sun. Sunglasses or tinted contact lenses can also help protect their eyes from the sun's rays. Vision therapy may also be recommended to help with any vision problems associated with albinism.