Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a common and potentially serious condition that occurs when stomach acid flows up into the esophagus. In most cases, acid reflux is a temporary condition that can be managed through lifestyle and dietary changes. However, in some cases, acid reflux can become a chronic, or long-term, condition that may require more aggressive treatment.
The most common symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest or throat. Other symptoms may include difficulty swallowing, nausea, chest pain, and a sour taste in the mouth. People with chronic acid reflux may also experience hoarseness, a sore throat, bad breath, and chest pain that worsens when lying down or bending over.
The cause of acid reflux is usually related to a weakened sphincter valve between the esophagus and the stomach, which allows stomach acid to flow up into the esophagus. Other contributing factors may include obesity, certain medications, pregnancy, smoking, and alcohol use.
To reduce symptoms of acid reflux, it is important to avoid foods and beverages that can trigger heartburn, such as fried and fatty foods, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, and spicy foods. Additionally, individuals should avoid eating late at night, avoid overeating, and maintain a healthy weight. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to reduce stomach acid production and relieve symptoms.
In most cases, lifestyle and dietary changes are enough to prevent and reduce acid reflux symptoms. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to consult a doctor for further evaluation and treatment.
