Type 1 diabetes is a serious, lifelong condition that affects the way the body processes sugar (glucose). People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin daily to stay alive. Without it, their bodies can't use glucose for energy, and instead break down fat for energy, leading to a potentially fatal condition called ketoacidosis. The effects of type 1 diabetes can range from mild to severe, and can cause serious health complications if not managed properly.
Diagnosis
Type 1 diabetes is typically diagnosed using a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Your doctor may order a blood test to measure your blood sugar level, and an A1C test to measure your average blood sugar over the past two to three months. Your doctor may also order a urine test to detect ketones in your urine, which can indicate that the body is breaking down fat for energy.
Treatment
People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin daily to stay alive. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body use glucose for energy. Without it, the body breaks down fat for energy, leading to a potentially fatal condition called ketoacidosis.
In addition to taking insulin, people with type 1 diabetes may need to adjust their diet and activity level to stay healthy. Eating regular meals and snacks throughout the day can help keep blood sugar levels stable. Regular physical activity can also help keep blood sugar levels in check.
Complications
If type 1 diabetes is not managed properly, it can lead to serious health complications. These can include eye, kidney, and nerve damage, as well as heart disease, stroke, and even amputation. People with type 1 diabetes are also at an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer.
Outlook
Although type 1 diabetes is a serious condition, it can be managed with proper treatment and lifestyle changes. With the right care, people with type 1 diabetes can lead long, healthy lives.