Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is a common childhood illness caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. It is usually mild and causes a rash on the face, arms, and legs. Most people who get fifth disease have mild symptoms and do not require medical treatment. However, it can be more serious in some individuals, especially pregnant women, people with weakened immune systems, and those with certain underlying medical conditions.
Symptoms of Fifth Disease
The most obvious symptom of fifth disease is a bright red rash that appears on the face in the shape of a “slapped” cheek. This rash can spread to the arms, legs, trunk, and buttocks. Other symptoms include fever, headache, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. These symptoms usually resolve on their own within a few days.
Complications of Fifth Disease
In some cases, fifth disease can cause more serious complications, especially in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or people undergoing chemotherapy. These complications include anemia, arthritis, and painful swelling of the hands and feet. In pregnant women, fifth disease can cause miscarriage or birth defects.
Treatment of Fifth Disease
Most people do not require any treatment for fifth disease. Over-the-counter medications can be used to reduce fever and discomfort. People with weakened immune systems may need to take antiviral medications to reduce the risk of complications. Pregnant women who are diagnosed with fifth disease should seek medical advice to reduce the risk of complications.