Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is common in children, but adults can get it too. Symptoms usually start with a fever and rash, and can include itching, tiredness, and loss of appetite. Although it is usually mild, it can sometimes be serious, especially in adults, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems.
Signs and Symptoms
The main symptom of chickenpox is a rash that appears as red, itchy bumps. The bumps later turn into fluid-filled blisters and eventually scab over. The rash can appear anywhere on the body, including in the mouth, eyes, or vagina. Other symptoms include:
• Fever
• Tiredness
• Headache
• Loss of appetite
Complications
Chickenpox can cause serious complications in some people, including:
• Pneumonia
• Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
• Bloodstream infection
• Skin infections
Pregnant women with chickenpox may have a higher risk of complications, including premature birth, low birth weight, and birth defects. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer, may also be at a higher risk of complications.
Treatment
The goal of treatment for chickenpox is to reduce symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment may include:
• Antiviral medications
• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Topical creams or lotions to relieve itching
• Bed rest
• Fluids to prevent dehydration
Chickenpox can be prevented with the varicella vaccine, which is recommended for all children. Talk to your doctor for more information about the vaccine.