Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a serious condition in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys its own red blood cells. This can lead to anemia, which is a decrease in red blood cells. AIHA can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, drugs, certain cancers, and other autoimmune diseases. It is important to get prompt treatment for this condition, as it can lead to serious complications.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
The symptoms of AIHA vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, shortness of breath, and pale skin. A doctor will typically use a physical exam and lab tests to diagnose AIHA. These tests may include a complete blood count (CBC), a peripheral blood smear, and a direct antiglobulin test (DAT).
Treatment
Treatment for AIHA depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, treatment may involve medications such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. In more severe cases, a blood transfusion or chemotherapy may be necessary. In some cases, surgery may be needed to remove the spleen, which is an organ that plays a role in the destruction of red blood cells.
Outlook
The outlook for individuals with AIHA depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In most cases, the condition can be managed with medications and other therapies. However, in some cases, the condition may be fatal. It is important to get prompt treatment for this condition, as it can lead to serious complications if left untreated.