Anthrax can live in soil for many years depending on environmental conditions. In certain conditions, it can survive for decades. The spores are very hardy and can survive extreme temperatures, drying, and ultraviolet radiation.
The survival of anthrax in soil is highly dependent on the availability of nutrients. If the soil is nutrient-poor, the spores may not survive as long. The presence of moisture and organic matter in the soil can also affect the survival of anthrax. In moist, nutrient-rich soil, the spores can remain viable for many years.
The survival of anthrax in soil is also affected by environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, and sunlight. In soils with a pH of 7 or higher, the spores can survive for up to 5 years. In soils with a lower pH, the spores may survive for up to 10 years. In addition, anthrax spores can survive temperatures ranging from -5 to 55°C. Prolonged exposure to sunlight may reduce the survival of anthrax in soil, as the UV radiation can damage the spores.
In conclusion, the survival of anthrax in soil can vary depending on the environmental conditions. In nutrient-rich, moist soils, the spores can remain viable for up to 10 years. The pH, temperature, and sunlight can also affect the survival of anthrax in soil.