Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, lifelong disease of the central nervous system that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. Although the exact cause of MS is unknown, many believe it is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's own immune system attacks and destroys the protective sheath that covers nerve fibers.
The symptoms of MS can vary greatly from person to person, and it is possible to have MS for a long period of time without realizing it. In fact, the average time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis is seven years. This is because early MS symptoms can be mild, and may be attributed to other causes such as stress or fatigue.
Common early symptoms of MS include fatigue, numbness or tingling in the limbs, vision changes, vertigo or dizziness, bladder or bowel problems, and cognitive difficulties such as short-term memory loss. These symptoms may come and go, or may be persistent, making them difficult to diagnose.
Diagnosis of MS usually involves a combination of tests, including a physical exam, imaging studies such as an MRI, and a thorough neurological exam. Your doctor may also order a spinal tap to measure the levels of certain proteins in the spinal fluid, as well as blood tests to rule out other conditions.
Overall, it is possible to have MS for a long period of time without knowing it. Early symptoms can be mild and may be attributed to other causes, making diagnosis difficult. That is why it is important to seek medical attention if you experience any unusual symptoms, as early intervention and treatment can help slow the progression of the disease and help manage symptoms.