Kidney cancer is usually detected through a combination of imaging tests, physical exams, and laboratory tests. The most common way to detect kidney cancer is through imaging tests such as a CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, or X-ray. During these tests, a doctor is able to look for abnormalities in the shape or size of the kidneys.
In addition, physical exams can be used to detect kidney cancer. During a physical exam, a doctor may feel for lumps or any other suspicious areas in or around the kidneys. Additionally, a doctor may check for signs of infection such as fever, weight loss, or pain.
Laboratory tests are also used to detect kidney cancer. A urine test can be used to check for the presence of blood or protein in the urine, which are common signs of kidney cancer. Additionally, a blood test can be used to look for certain substances in the blood, such as certain proteins or hormones, that could indicate the presence of cancer.
Finally, biopsies can be used to confirm the presence of cancer. During a biopsy, a doctor will take a small sample of tissue from the kidneys for examination under a microscope. This can help to identify the presence of cancerous cells and also provide information about the type of cancer and how far it has spread.