Intestinal parasites are usually diagnosed by a stool sample. The stool sample is examined under a microscope for the presence of eggs in the feces. In some cases, the sample may be cultured to identify the parasite. Other tests that may be used to diagnose an intestinal parasite include blood tests and imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs.
A complete physical examination may also be done to look for signs of infection, such as fever, weight loss, or abdominal pain. A doctor may also ask about the patient’s recent travel history, as some parasites are more common in certain areas of the world.
If a stool sample shows evidence of an intestinal parasite, a doctor may order additional tests to determine the type of parasite present. In some cases, a biopsy of the intestine may be done to collect tissue or fluid samples for further examination.
In addition, a doctor may order a blood test to look for antibodies to the parasite. Antibodies are proteins produced by the body’s immune system in response to a foreign invader, such as a parasite. If antibodies are present, it means that the body has been exposed to the parasite and is actively fighting it.
Once a diagnosis is made, a doctor may recommend a course of treatment. Treatment typically includes medications to kill the parasite and may also involve changes in diet or lifestyle. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove the parasites from the intestine.